Ukucinywa kwepayipi elishiselwe kanye nokwelashwa kokushisa okushisayo kuvame ukwenziwa ngokufudumeza kokungeniswa noma ukushisisa ilangabi.Imingcele yezobuchwepheshe eyinhloko ubulukhuni bobuso, ubulukhuni bendawo kanye nokujula kongqimba oluqinile olusebenzayo.Ukuhlolwa kokuqina kungasebenzisa i-Vickers hardness tester, kungasebenzisa i-Rockwell noma i-surface Rockwell ubulukhuni.Ukukhethwa kwamandla okuhlola (isikali) kuhlobene nokujula kwesendlalelo esiqinile esiqinile kanye nobulukhuni bobuso bepayipi elishiselwe.Lapha kuhilela ubulukhuni obuthathu.
Ukuhlonza umkhiqizo
Izakhiwo zamakhemikhali: ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi, ukumelana ne-asidi, i-alkalinity, ukumelana ne-oxidation, njll;
Ukusebenza kwenqubo: ukunwetshwa kwe-filament, ukuhlolwa kokuqhekeka, ukugoba okuphindaphindiwe, ukugoba okubuyela emuva, ukuhlanekezela okuphambene, i-torsion yezindlela ezimbili, ukuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic, ukuhlolwa kwe-flaring, ukugoba, ukugoqa, ukucaba, ukunwetshwa kwendandatho, ukwelula indandatho, Inhlangano ye-microscopy, ukuhlolwa kwe-cupping, ukuhlaziywa kwe-metallographic, njll.;
Ukuhlola okungabhubhisi: Ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray okungacekeli phansi, i-electromagnetic ultrasonic, i-ultrasonic, ukuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-eddy, ukuhlolwa kokuvuza kukakazibuthe, ukuhlola okungena ngaphakathi, ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiyana kazibuthe;
Izici zemishini: amandla aqinile, ukuhlolwa komthelela, iphuzu lesivuno, ubude ngemva kokuphuka, ukuncishiswa kwendawo, inkomba yokuqina (ukuqina kwe-Rockwell, ubulukhuni be-Brinell, ubulukhuni be-Vickers, ubulukhuni buka-Leeb, ubulukhuni be-Webster);
Ezinye izinto: ukwakheka kwe-metallographic, okufakiwe, ungqimba owenziwe nge-decarburized, ukunqunywa kokuqukethwe kwe-microstructure, ukuhlaziywa kwembangela yokugqwala, usayizi wokusanhlamvu nesilinganiso esincane, isakhiwo samandla aphansi, ukugqwala kwe-intergranular, i-superalloy microstructure, isakhiwo se-metallographic lokushisa eliphezulu Linda.
Ukuhlaziywa kokuqhathanisa, ukuhlonza izinto, ukuhlaziya ukwehluleka, ukuhlaziya ingxenye, ukuhlaziya amakhemikhali

Ukuhlaziywa kokwehluleka: ukuhlaziywa kokuphuka, ukuhlaziywa kokugqwala, njll.;

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Elemental: ukutholwa okunembile nokuhlaziywa kwe-manganese, umoya-mpilo, i-nitrogen, i-carbon, isulfure, i-silicon, insimbi, i-aluminium, i-phosphorus, i-chromium, i-vanadium, i-titanium, ithusi, i-cobalt, i-nickel, i-molybdenum, i-cerium, i-lanthanum ezinsimbi, ama-alloys nemikhiqizo yawo. , nensimbi engagqwali , Calcium, magnesium, zinc, tin, antimony, arsenic kanye nezinye izakhi metal ukwakheka kanye nokuqukethwe;